When to Cite a Source in a Paper

Write an essay and back it up with facts. How many times have you heard a teacher or professor say this? But many students might wonder what exactly counts as a fact, and what doesnt. That means they dont know when it is proper to cite a source, and when its OK not to use a citation. Dictionary.com states that a fact is: Something demonstrated to exist or known to have existed. Demonstrated is a hint here. What the teacher means when she/he tells you to use facts is that you need to back up your claims with some evidence that supports your claims (sources). Its one trick that teachers use to make sure you actually use some references when you write a paper, instead of simply offering a list of your opinions. This may sound easy, but its actually tough sometimes to know when you need to back up a statement with evidence and when it is fine to leave a statement unsupported. When to Cite a Source You should use evidence (citations) any time you make a claim that is not based on a well-known fact or common knowledge. Heres a list of situations when your teacher would expect a citation: You make a specific claim that could be challenged--like London is the foggiest city in the world.  You quote somebody.You make a specific claim that is not common knowledge like the Indian Ocean is the youngest of the worlds major oceans.You paraphrase information from a source (give the meaning but change the wording).Offer an authoritative (expert) opinion--like germs cause pneumonia.You got an idea from somebody else, even through email or conversation. Although there may be interesting facts that you have believed or know for many years, you will be expected to provide proof of those facts when youre writing a paper for school. Examples of Claims You Should Support Hot water can freeze faster than cold water.Poodles are friendlier than Dalmatians.American Chestnut trees are nearly extinct.Eating while driving is more dangerous than talking on the cell phone while driving.Thomas Edison invented a vote counter. When You Dont Need to Cite a Source So how do you know when you do not need to cite a source?  Common knowledge is basically a fact that practically everyone knows, like the fact that George Washington was a U.S. president. More  Examples of Common Knowledge or Well-Known Facts Bears hibernate in the winter.Fresh water freezes at 32 degrees F.Many trees shed their leaves in the fall.Some trees do not shed their leaves in the fall.Bears hibernate. A well-known fact is something that many people know, but it is also something that a reader could look up easily if he/she didnt know. Its best to plant flowers in the early spring.Holland is famous for its tulips.Canada has a multilingual population. If youre not really certain about something being common knowledge, you could give it the little sister test. If you have a younger sibling, ask him or her the subject youre pondering. If you get an answer, it could be common knowledge! A Good Rule of Thumb A good rule of thumb for any writer is to go ahead and use a citation when youre not certain whether or not the citation is necessary. The only risk in doing this is littering your paper with unnecessary citations that will drive your teacher crazy. Too many citations will give your teacher the impression that you are attempting to stretch your paper to a certain word count! Simply trust your own best judgment and be honest with yourself. Youll get the hang of it soon!

The Political Economy Model Of Migration Policy - 1419 Words

Gary Freeman suggests the gap between rhetoric and reality is best described in a political economic account of migration policy. The political economy model of migration is modelled on the interests of three sets of rational actors: voters, organised groups and state actors who attempts to maximize their individual goals subject to state interests in different contexts (Freeman, 2002). The first is post-industrial change, which suggests stances on immigration policy are better viewed as interests defined by social groups (Freeman, 2002: 84). The second is the spatial account, where the population compete for finite resources in densely settled areas – exacerbated by strong advocates of immigration in these locations, such as businesses which could help explain the gap between rhetoric and action. The third is the international approach, where state protectionism regulates the trade of goods and people. If immigration is economically beneficial to the state, it will continue r egardless of public sentiments. As social ‘welfare effects are key determinants of a countries migration policy’, if migration stimulates the economy, it will have a positive impact on society (Freeman, 2002: 88). Liberal and International Norms Liberal norms influence policy outcomes. Hollifield is concerned with the political interests that drive migration policy in the face of liberalism.‘[S]overeignty requires a degree of territorial closure’, which the liberal state increasingly calls intoShow MoreRelatedEconomic Factors Of The Migration1175 Words   |  5 Pagesdecision? Economic reasons are the key factor to migration. The poor financial condition and unemployment drives migrants to urban areas or other countries. Skilled labor get better job opportunities and wages when immigrate. Migration to urban area helps immigrants to overcome poverty and provide a better financial condition. Most of the migrants invest their money in education and financial investments. Non- economic factors include the better quality of life and better education. In most of theRead MoreMigration Within a Countrys Borders Have Greater Negative Impacts at Their Origin Than Their Destination1338 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Migration within a country’s borders have greater negative impacts at their origin than their destination†. Discuss the statement [15 marks] Introduction * Definition of migration and internal migration * Reasons why people move (Push/Pull Factors) * Explain Lee’s migration model * Types of Internal Migration (Inter-urban, Intra-urban, counter urbanisation, urbanisation) Body * Social. Economic. Environmental. Political. (S.E.E.P.) impacts * Case Study (Statistics) Read MoreGlobal Governance Is A Set Of Coercive Norms, Principles, And Decisions1531 Words   |  7 Pagesnations-states which have to comply with them. In the realm of international migration in which individuals opt voluntarily to cross countries boundaries in order to stay in the host state for a minimum of length of time, it appears that that the need of global governance has become unavoidable by the mid twentieth century. Effectively, states struggle to control international migration. Indeed, history demonstrated that migration has often been uncontainable and unrestricted in most countries, at startRead MoreChicago School Of Social Ecology Theory1509 Words   |  7 Pagesdisciplines related to education, health, economy, psychology, social sciences, sociology, anthropology, history, environment, biosciences, economy, politics, international relations, geography, urban architecture and technology. One of the major developments pertaining to urban ecology theory is the comprehensiveness of modern urban system by incorporating social consciousness, social structures, social and government institutions, community relationships, migration, public infrastructure, governmentalRead MoreFactors Affecting The Economic Conditions Of The Balkan Countries1452 Words   |  6 Pagesproductivity is linked to permanent migration. Therefore, economic productivity is related to the time-frame of migration. Peng (2009) links depletion of production resources of the source country to â€Å"brain drain†. However, migration can also reduce rent-seeking activities, thus mitigating the effects of wealth reduction to an extent. Vidal (1998) links migration to an incentive to invest in human capital generation in the source country. Granted that the demand is high enough, this can potentiallyRead MoreThe Development Of The Philippines1419 Words   |  6 Pageslocated in the South-East region of Asia, this region consists of other countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, and others. The Philippines would be categorized as a developing country in stage three of the demographic transition model. With a falling birth rate of 24.24 per every 1000 people, with a low death rate of 4.92 per every 1000 people. With a population of 107.668.231 as of 2014, their median age is 23.5 years of age resulting in a very young population overall as seenRead MoreStructure Of The Paper : The Article Is Presented Using The Journal Style Scientific Paper Format989 Words   |  4 Pagesin post-Soviet cities’ within the context of Soviet immigration policies. The purpose of the study â€Å"explores how inherited segregation patterns have evolved in the city of Tartu, Estonia† (Leetmaa ,162) in the post-Soviet period marked by Estonian statehood and a free-market economy. The historical material is divided into four sections: 1) Soviet Era Migration – Introduces the Soviet socialist political and economic migration policies that were intertwined with the â€Å"industrialization and urbanizationRead MoreIii. Methodology. Data And Sample Specifications. In Order1494 Words   |  6 Pagesavailable, I can extrapolate this information using the location of the resident in the first year of survey. I assume a respondent’s first survey year location in East or West Germany as their birth region, unless they answer the questions concerning migration differently. I limit the sample to native-born German citizens residing in Berlin, of age 18 or older at the time of the survey year 2009, which I use for main identification data analysis described below. Value Differences: Risk Aversion To quantifyRead MoreEssay on Unemployment and Migration in the Philippines1634 Words   |  7 PagesLabor migration has created jobs for millions of Filipinos; however its success shadows its real cause. Unemployment in itself alone has many diminishing factors for growth and development. The cycle of problems of the country continues to grow which include migration, unemployment, poverty, and underemployment. This paper will aim to illustrate the effects of international migration due to unemployment status. The issue of high unemployment is a great factor in the development of the country andRead MoreThe Resilient Australian Economy : Australia Essay1609 Words   |  7 PagesThe Resilient Australian Economy Australia has been one of the few developed nations to remain largely unscathed by the global financial crises of 2008 – a crisis, which has left in its wake seemingly intractable problems of unemployment, large government debts, financial fragility and political unrest in Europe, Japan and North America (McAuley 2012). This would be further explored in the essay. Composition The Australian economy faces new challenges like the high exchange rate of Australian

Objective History Essay Sample free essay sample

Objectivity must be the desired at all cost when it comes to entering or analyzing history but given the human restrictions in an imperfect universe. the possibility of achieving a grade of the same must be capable to the world of human prejudice as the imperfect historian-human individual attempts to populate in this imperfect universe. This paper posits the above statement as a manner of showing the extent the possibility or even the desirableness of objectiveness in the survey of history. Jenkins looks at any historian’s work as a literary concept. where he argued that a work of history includes the historian’s ain universe position and ideological places with about past events. This evident in his definition of history when he said. â€Å"History is a shifting. debatable discourse. apparently about an facet of the universe. the past. that is produced by a group of present-minded workers†¦ whose merchandises. one time in circulation. We will write a custom essay sample on Objective History Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page are capable to a series of utilizations and abuses†¦ but which in actuality by and large correspond to a scope of power bases†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ( Jenkins. 1967 ) Jenkins’ portion of history’s definition which states â€Å"products one time in circulation. are capable to a series of utilizations and abuses† connotes the incorrect usage of history by certain powerful groups for whom the history was written and hence at that place seems to be deficiency of objectiveness on history which is presumed to be recorded by the author. Jenkin’s may in consequence be reasoning that every historiographer will lose credibleness when the inquiries are asked: â€Å"For whom is the written history? † ; hence he is presuming the historiographers are really biased and that no historiographer will compensate it for the interest of the nonsubjective truth. This research worker respectfully expresses a great trade of reserve with the observation of Jenkins’ with such since he was non able to abduce cogent evidence that every author of history would make it for money. But if Jenkin’s innuendo does widen to a historio graphers holding a prejudice for or against a certain group of people at the clip to composing. so this research worker could non impart a grade of understanding on the footing that worlds could non be perfect and their positions could ever be loaded with emotions at the clip of authorship. From another position. it may be argued that American history has already a predefined significance to the American populace and it clear that any riotous work that disapprove of traditional theories of cognition would be distressing in the philosophy of American historiography. â€Å"What is History? † ( Carr. 1967 ) is such a sort of work that doubts a fact-based nature of history and alternatively prescribes as a replacing an interpretive. interdisciplinary speculating on history. hence it is non inquire that Carr’s work that American historiographers have ignored and forgotten in America in general for grounds as stated. Carr’s work is merely a historical object and a spoilsport from the Cold War epoch that has contradicted the aggregation of historical facts. Carr ( 1967 ) was alternatively encouraged that the historiographers should determine the facts into a work utile for coevalss. Carr’s statement against historical facts encourages one to travel against objectiveness in history authorship. The reaction of American historiographers to Carr’s work seems hence to hold footing since nonsubjective truth must be facts that had happened minus any commentaries. When viewed in the context of news media facts are the opposite number of intelligence studies that should be free signifier commentaries and sentiments of the authors. And although the intelligence paper should incorporate column parts where 1 should happen intelligence commentaries. the criterion for factual intelligence coverage merely like factual history authorship must be maintained. In undertaking further the work of Carr ( 1967 ) and his topographic point in modern historiography. it may be argued that his first chapter. â€Å"The Historian and his Facts. † ( Carr. 1967 ) described the inquiry of what defines history and the function of facts in composing history. Carr presented the resistance point of view that the facts speak for themselves ( Carr. 1967 ) and that facts lay out straight how history should be written. but he countered that such a agencies of composing history was uneffective because values can non be drawn straight from facts. He at that place suggested that history must be written with inventive apprehension and with an oculus both to the yesteryear and to the present as may be deciphered with Carr’s that history is a uninterrupted duologue between the yesteryear and the present and an everlasting interaction between the historiographer and his facts ( Carr. 1967 ) Carr’s 2nd and 3rd chapters supported each other peculiarly good since they deals with the historian’s function in society. Therefore with the chapter title’s â€Å"Society and the Individual. † he presented the historiographer within society and how history should be reconciled with a historian’s peculiar prejudice. Carr in said chapter was in consequence reasoning that that the influences of society would ever environ the historiographer. so it was necessary to turn to this consequence on history. therefore it could be argued that the more a historian comes to footings with his ain prejudices. the better able that historiographers will be able to excel societal influences to compose an accurate history. Like Jenkins. Carr factored in a human prejudice in the work of historiographers. Therefore Carr’s message in Chapter Three. â€Å"History. Science. and Morality. † ( Carr. 1967 ) that history is non a one manner procedure and is non a remarkable survey. but an interdisciplinary survey that requires g interaction between the historian and historical survey. may good has confirmed the inevitableness of a prejudice. This is on the premiss that on that point historiographer is required to hold knowledge in other academic Fieldss. such as psychological science and sociology that would do him a author of the author. non an insulated fact-focused lone wolf. Based on the renunciation. it may be concluded that human prejudice is factor to postulate with in history authorship. therefore the possibility of objectiveness in the survey of history must be viewed in the context of the relationship of the writer or historian with his authorship and the intent of said composing when on attempts to look into the verifiability of a historian’s work with other historiographers. This does non nevertheless do it less desirable to achieve objectiveness in the survey of history since history has so much to learn world to larn from their errors ( Carr. 1967 ) . Mentions: Carr. E. ( 1967 ) What Is History? .Vintage ( October 12. 1967 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //alex. edfac. usyd. edu. au/Methods/History/jenkins. hypertext markup language. Accessed November 20. 2007 Jenkins. K. ( 1991 ) Rethinking History. Routledge. London. { www papers } URL

Strontium chloride hexahydrate Essay Example

Strontium chloride hexahydrate Paper The following are possible factors that may contribute to acheiving a higher yeild. Firstly, it is possible that there was contamination from outside sources, such as lint or dust particles that could have fallen into the drying precipitate. Secondly are impurities accumulated through water. Non-distilled water can contain many minerals and impurities , aswell as absorbing chemicals in the surrounding air which can skew results. According to the city of Ottawas website, there are many contaminants in water, the two of those being fluoride and chlorine. Fluoride is naturally present in the air and soil, and can dissolve into water. Chlorine is used by the city in the water to kill bacteria. Average tap water contains 0. 7 mg/L of fluoride and 100 ppb, or parts per billion of chlorine. These insignificant substances, in additions to those not named here, can change the way the reaction takes place. Thirdly is lingering moisture, which can be present because of thick acumulation of precipitate which causes moisture to remain at its center. Water could also be present due to outside sources, such as higher than normal humidity levels present in the laboratory or water bottle fights that may have taken place and interacted with the results. To validate this reasoning, another student who acheived a higher yeild, Yannick Brisebois notes in his analysis that he was closely located to the water fight, similarily to this experiment. Lastly, misreaction is another way the precipitate was higher than expected. The reactants could have possibly reacted with the levels of fluorine or chlorine in the water, as covered in the example above. We will write a custom essay sample on Strontium chloride hexahydrate specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Strontium chloride hexahydrate specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Strontium chloride hexahydrate specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Since perfect reactions are impossible, it is likely that some of the reactants were not used up in the reaction, and were left in the precipitate. This would increase the mass of the precipitate because both the strontium chloride and the copper sulphate were hydrates, which have a higher molar mass than the products because of the attached waters. For example, according to table 2, the masses of the reactants strontium chloride and copper sulphate are 266. 58 and 249. 62 g/mol respectively, while the precipitate, strontium sulphate only has a molar mass od 183. 64. Any ammount of extra reactant would weigh down the mass of the precipitate. 3. The following steps were taken to ensure the reaction went to completion. First, the ammount of transfers were kept to a minimum in order to preserve as much of the orginal reactants as possible. Multiple transfers can cause reactants or precipitate to adhere to the walls of the beakers or the funnel. There are only two transfers present in this procedure. Second, the solutions were dissolved into aqeous solutions to facilitate a reaction and increase the ammount of reaction taking place. Without a solution, the two substances would not have reacted in a solid state. Solutions also increase the likeliness of the most possible reaction, because of its containment, as opposed to a gas, and the potion of the particles within, unlike a solid. Both reactants were dissolved into water in order to maximise the reaction and ensure it took place. The reaction was finally stirred for a mintute to maximise the reaction. The stirring added heat and motion, which is another form of heat, which allows more reactant to react properly. The heat increases the speed at which the particles move within the liquid, which leads to more collisions, and finally more reaction taking place. Finally, the original beakers and the funnel were washed down with water and passed through the filter to ensure all possible remaining reactant had been added to the apparatus. Refrences: 1. Nelson 11 Chemistry (2005) 2. http://ottawa. ca/en/env_water/water_sewer/water_wells/quality/facts/index. html 3. http://sargentwelch. com/pdf/msds/Strontium_Chloride_6-Hydrate_723. 00. pdf  https://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9923597

The Contributions of Religion in World Civilization

The Contributions of Religion in World Civilization There have been heated debates concerning contribution of religion in advancing peace and causing conflict. Proponents of religion argue that it is a source of peace and tranquility in the world.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Contributions of Religion in World Civilization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They further argue that religion is the main source of hope for people because it promotes peace thus enabling people live harmonious and happy lives. On the other hand, opponents argue that religion is one of the main reasons for conflict in the world. Careful study and analysis of the contributions of religion in world’s civilization reveal that it contributes to both peace and conflict. Religion creates and fosters hope by empowering people through teachings that encourage peace. This is achieved by establishing cooperation between members of different religions. In the 21st century, religion has bee n a great force in advocating for justice in many regions of the world, especially underdeveloped and developing countries. Religion also rallies people against social injustices such as wars. For example, in the 1980s, Eastern and Western churches came together to promote peace in the world by participating in the peace movement. Many religions are involved in charity work and humanitarian aid activities. In many third world countries, the largest proportion of the population is poor. This means that they barely afford basic human needs. Churches create organizations to help poor people improve their lives by feeding, housing, and educating them. Before the world attained civilization, religion played a great role in causing conflicts. Religion was then a political institution that sought to amass wealth and power by conquering the world. Different religions fought wars in the name of their God, gods, and goddesses. Today, violent conflicts are linked to religious affiliations base d on race, culture, economic and territorial factors, and ethnicity. Most religious conflicts are based on differences in beliefs, teachings, and ideologies. Religion-based conflicts usually result in bloody wars because each religion considers itself superior to other religions. One of the religious groups that promote hate thus causing conflict is the Islamic extremists. Their beliefs promote hate and violence among people based on their religious affiliation. In ancient days, radical Christian groups exist that believed in violence as a problem resolution strategy.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, Christianity has evolved significantly and eradicated extremism in most of its sects. Difference in ideologies ad beliefs is observed in the main religions of the world. These include Christianity, Islam, Judaism, and Hinduism. They all believe in one God but th eir beliefs and teachings are different. Some religions advocate for structural violence by establishing authoritarian decision-making structures that suppress efforts to promote egalitarianism. In many countries, churches have supported and promoted policies of dictatorial regimes. Recently, the Vatican supported the eminence of military rule in Haiti by rejecting the candidature of Aristide. This is clear evidence of religion’s involvement in promoting conflict either directly or indirectly. Islam has been accused many times of promoting hate and violence in the world. Its Jihad teaching has been a major cause of conflict and war especially in the Middle East and other parts of the world. Extremist groups such as Al Qaeda and Al Shabab use this teaching to launch attacks on members of different religions. The Middle East has undermined the eminence of religious tolerance as an avenue for peace and tranquility in the region. Historically, religion has been the cause of some of the bloodiest wars in the civilization of the world. This is because religion was a political entity that sought wealth and power. Religious leaders were powerful people who controlled larger regions and multitudes of people. Different religions fought wars in the name of their God, gods, and goddesses. Today, violent conflicts are linked to religious affiliations based on race, culture, economic and territorial factors, and ethnicity.

Novel PR Company

Novel PR Company Introduction Planning for a business is critical towards laying the foundation for success. Thus, it is imperative for a proposed business to have a comprehensive marketing plan that captures the basic ideas and implementation path. Among the elements that should be part and parcel of a business plan include strategic marketing channel and promotion.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Novel PR Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Besides, the plan should incorporate possible competition and the general business environment level. This analytical paper will explore the above elements as a prerequisite for the successful establishment and sustainability of the Novel PR Company, which is a web content developer. The company targets the business community who depends on the internet to increase online presence. The business will offer excellent online content development services to individual consumers, small and medium businesses, and institutions. Since the company targets to introduce unique web content services, it will not face much competition as most of the businesses in the region do not have affordable specialized web content services. Market Segments Marketing strategy is essential before actualizing projections of a blue print. As a matter of fact, this plan functions on the margins of informed decision making after comprehensive research on viability and sustainability of a product. In order to achieve desired margins in sales and total revenues generated, a proper marketing plan should integrate entry strategy, comparative advantage, and market segmentation since in most cases, there is always a strong competitor or competitors that passing might prove challenging due to existence of consumer perceptions and household names. The targeted market is subdivided into the consumer, small and medium business, and institutions segments. These segments have unique needs that must be add ressed by the company in order to ensure business sustainability. Small and Medium Business Segmentation This market captures small food outlets, hotels, motels, and retail businesses within the targeted region. Web content development services destined for this market are often expensive, and lack the value addition component of free hosting. Sometimes, quality and relevance are compromised due to the small volumes of delivery for this market.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Novel PR Company intends to introduce the customized web content development services to this market promising diversity in types, lower price, and free hosting. As an incentive, the company will offer free content modification to loyal customers. Therefore, this segment is influenced by competitive pricing, creativity and customized services, and free hosting for optimal benefits. In ord er to attract this segment, the company will offer free after sales services, delivery on credit, and series of discount on the basis of the number of web content services. Since it will be properly implemented, the company is positioned to counter competitors’ strategy of reaching the customers through proxy web content marketers (Bowden 70). Institutional Segmentation The targeted region has several schools, government institutions, collages, hospitals among other establishments with online programs to support their services. These institutions are strategically located and uniformly spread across the accessible market. Nearly one hundred percept of people found in these institutions are customers who have access to the internet. With properly drawn partnership and memorandum of understanding, the market is within the Novel PR’s influence. Specifically, the customized and relevant content element will give the Novel PR’s services a competitive age in learning institutions and hospitals which have embraced online services for their customers. Also, the competitive pricing will facilitate its sustainability in the highly differentiated market (Kotler and Gary 35). Consumer Segment This is the largest segment for the web content development services offered by the Novel PR Company. This segment comprises of households who use the internet to market their services or products. Since the web content development service comes in customizable packages, the segment is influenced by differential quantification, competitive pricing, and free online support. Therefore, Novel PR Company will come up with a special web support service to position itself in this segment. The company will merge the strategy with advertisements, since this group of consumers has access to social media. Due to exposure to information sources such as new papers, television, radio, and magazines, product announcement through these avenues will enable the company to double its market base (Kotler and Keller 41).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Novel PR Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As forecasted in the market research, this strategy will be successful towards dominance as it offers a variety of options to consumers while at the same time maximizing benefits of economies of scale to the company. Creating Value for the Consumers and the Organization Choosing Value In order to increase credibility and maintain professionalism, the Novel PR Company’s business channel will encompass processes and features that flawlessly facilitate a healthy lifetime relationship between the business and its client. Among the new development elements that will be incorporated include trust, reliability, distribution, fair retribution process, and passing accurate information to target audience to restore confidence. Reflectively, value in the context of this business will include the aspect of an engaged audience supported by high quality and relevant online content, which will help businesses to transform their web traffic into engaged audiences. The second aspect will be online referrals through which the Novel PR Company will get more referrals via Electronic Word of Mouth (eWOM). Lastly, the aspect of sales funnel will increase the number of prospects entering the sales funnel from online sources (Rhim and Lee 160). Providing Value The Novel PR Company will align its services with the needs of the target market by actively participating in series of corporate social responsibility initiatives. All aspects of the firm such as sales, purchases, marketing, management, and operations will be aligned to appropriate and sustainable technology to ensure competitive advantage. Therefore, value will be provided to business through content optimization for search engine listing (SEO), market research, and a fast turnaround. Specifically, this proposed system in Googl e will consist of a multi tab page that will serve different areas and services to online customers. When implementing SEO in the Google search, it is necessary to revise the algorithms constantly for the search result of the Novel PR Company website to remain at the top. This can be achieved through revising the content to ensure that all the information in the website pertains directly to the needs of potential clients (Tynan and McKechnie 512).Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Communicating Value Communication is the epicenter of sustainability. Communicating the value for the Novel PR Company will be achieved through sales letters, SEO ranking reports, and social media presence analysis. Under the sales letters, each prospect will get a sales letter delivered via email discussing the benefits of outsourcing content creation. The SEO rankings reports will be communicated through creating a platform for each prospect to get an SEO ranking report developed using online web ranking resources from alexa.com. Lastly, social media presence analysis will be achieved through generation of free report of online presence. For instance, the Novel PR Company website will carry out a link reference promotion where the website user with the highest number of referral links is rewarded with a free consultancy service or gift hampers. This will create a long term loyalty among clients. The potential of the referral link approach is that it will improve the visibility of the Novel PR Company website across the globe (Rhim and Lee 163). The advertisement message will be presented in two channels, that is, below-the-line and above-the-line. Under the below-the-line approach, the web content services will be marketed directly through the print and visual press besides the numerous local radio channels. Under the above-the-line approach, the advertising message will be presented via the social media to appeal to the customer segment consisting of the technological gauchos and digerati. The use of social media to advertise the Novel PR Company was informed by the need for customer retention and loyalty building. Properly modified Novel PR Company website and the twitter fun page will reassure the customers on quality of the application and its compatibility with computers around the targeted region. Through massive recruitment of Novel PR Company fans in the twitter page, the company will not only benefit from an increased traffic of online compliments, but also record high rates of customer loyalty as most customers are influenced by reactions from other clients (Bowden 73). Marketing Strategies Consumers are generally influenced by two factors: internal influences and external influences. Internal influences are personal feelings and thoughts that include self-concept, motivation, attitudes, emotions, and perceptions. These factors generally influence perception, purchasing patterns, and attitude customers develop towards a product or a service offered by a business. The marketing strategies for the Novel PR Company will incorporate the elements of product, pricing, distribution, and promotion as discussed below. Product Product development entails the innovation process aimed at modeling the existing product or improving on it to balance with the changing preferences of the customers. As a result, the older version will be phased out of the market as preferences change. The concept of web content development is an innovative ide a to deliver unparalleled experience to target customers. The product developed by the Novel PR Company is for distribution to companies seeking to expand their web presence is written content in the form of articles, website, white papers, and social media post. The website content will be in the form of the text used on the corporate or business website of a company. On the other hand, the article content will be used as blog posts or as articles for online distribution by interested companies. The social media post will include one-liners that may be used in social media outlets such as Face book and Twitter. Lastly, the white papers as part of the product content will consist of information packs written in essay format containing useful information that would assist readers to make decisions regarding a particular product or service. The primary feature of the product content for the Novel PR Company will operate on the SEO specs. The content will be created around the premises of excellent grammar, informative content, and user friendly handle (Kotler and Gary 35). Specifically, through product development, the Novel PR Company will be in a position to optimally exploit opportunities available in the innovation market segment and gain a significant share in the web content development sector. Pricing Through generic pricing strategy, the company will be in a position to offer premium pricing for its customers. In order to implement the generic pricing strategy, the company will opt for value pricing as perceived by the potential customers. The value of high quality content is very high for any business seeking to create traffic and to convert it to an engaged audience. Since the product content for the Novel PR Company can deliver this type of value, then potential business owners would be willing to pay a premium for it (Bowden 79). In setting the price for different product content, it is important to review the pricing objective, cost of production, d emand, and competition. Basically, the pricing objective for this product is to locate the premium pricing point that is acceptable and competitive among small and medium size business owners. Since the demand for this product is recurring, it is projected to be relatively stable and skewed towards creation of business opportunities for the company. The only major cost of production is just the time needed to develop the different content. This makes the business sustainable. Lastly, the business is likely to face competition from content farms and freelancers. However, the competition will be minimal since the product content proposed by the company is very unique. Distribution The distribution strategy used for marketing will have both push and pull elements. Online purchasing behavior usually follows the pull pattern because internet users look for information they need on their own. Push is still necessary because people don’t know about a service or product until they in teract with it. Lastly, the distribution will be supported via the e-commerce platform. This means that all transactions will take place online. Customers will make orders and the content will be delivered online. In order to effectively market the web content product, the distribution channels that will be used include organic search, paid search, and emails. Under organic search, the company will create a platform with searches driven by search engines such as Google and Bing. After building an email list, it will serve as a medium of product distribution. Under the paid search platform, the company will pay for online listing of search results in order to receive more traffic (Tynan and McKechnie 514). The company will hire three vehicles fitted with loud speakers to announce the product across different regions where the target market is easily found. These automobiles will also be fitted with visible posters of the company web content product. The targeted clients will be advis ed on the exact procedure of buying the web content from the company website. In order to successfully implement this strategy, the Novel PR Company will have to hire five marketers on a temporary basis to accompany the marketing entourage. Promotion Through timely appeal to emotions and self prejudice, the Novel PR Company will increase their advertisement in the social media, newspaper and broadcast media, and billboards for the online web content product. The Novel PR Company will succeed in implementing this aspect of ‘jumping the queue’ ahead of other competitors through visible signs of the web content product all over the targeted region. These advertisement erected signs will endeavor to cue the visual mental aspect of the targeted customers into the product (Kotler and Keller 26). Marketing the product will be carried out through interactive marketing, word-of-mouth marketing, personal selling, and direct marketing. Under direct marketing, the Novel PR Company will identify potential clients and make contact either via phone or email. The interactive marketing will entail taking calls over Skype and building real time chat facilities into the company’s website. Personal selling will be executed through sales representatives and other company personnel who will be involved in direct selling of the products through their online accounts and social media presence. Lastly, the word-of-mouth marketing will be rolled out through referrals from satisfied customers (Kotler and Keller 19). The objective of the promotion exercise is to position the company as a reliable content provider. Thus, promotional communications will rely on online platforms through the internet. Conclusion Properly researched brand and product management plan determine the success and sustainability in penetrating market with a new product. To increase credibility and maintain professionalism, product processes and features should flawlessly facilitate a healthy and lifetime relationship between the company and its clients. A properly designed brand and product management plan should be practical in presenting brand knowledge, awareness, penetration strategy, and passing information to target audience. Generally, these concepts will be applied in the Novel PR Company brand. The concepts will be designed as flexible to market dynamics and embrace alterations where necessary. Basically, the company will heavily depend on referrals from satisfied customers as a reliable promotion channel. Bowden, John. â€Å"The Process of Customer Engagement: A Conceptual Framework.† Journal of Marketing Theory Practice, 17.1(2009): 63-74. Print. Kotler, Philip, and A. Gary. Marketing-an introduction, New York, NY: Pearson, 2013. Print. Kotler, Philip, and K. Keller. Marketing management. 14th ed. 2012. New Jersey, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Print. Rhim, Hosus and Conrad Lee. â€Å"Assessing potential threats to incumbent brands: new product positionin g under price competition in a multi segmented markets.† International Journal of Research in Marketing 22.1 (2005): 159-182. Print. Tynan, Caroline and Sandra McKechnie. â€Å"Experience Marketing: A Review and Reassessment.† Journal of Marketing Management 25.6 (2008): 501-527. Print.

Disability in South Africa is viewed as a medical problem Critically Essay

Disability in South Africa is viewed as a medical problem Critically analyse this statement - Essay Example South Africa can be considered as one of the fastest growing economies around the globe. This country can be considered as one of the leading emerging nations in this world. The people of South Africa are getting basic necessities ensured by the government of the country. But, still the country is suffering from growing disability index. It has become a serious problem. South Africa is the largest economy with positive social growth rate among all the African nations. But, the country is suffering from these types of health and welfare related issues. In maximum cases, it has been identified that medical issues are responsible for disability in human beings. It is true that government of South Africa has developed several non-profit organizations in order to overcome these issues. But, lack of integrity and awareness programmes affected the campaign. Most importantly, it has become a medical problem of the country. This essay will critically discuss and analyze this issue. The disability in South Africa is supposed to be bounded and bordered by prejudice and stigma. The disability issues within welfare and health structure led to a failure of incorporating disability into conventional statistical process of government. In the year 1996, Census stated that elder people have high rate of disability with over 50 percentages in compare to 1.5 percentages of children. This is primarily due to the fact that respondents lack effective studies to detect occurrence of disability issues within children. The efficiency of healthcare system and effectiveness of political, social and economic conditions can influence the rate of people with disabilities. The lack of effective healthcare system has been prime cause for high rate of disability in South Africa. Under the backing of financial and community services in independent and Bantustans states, severe was