When to Cite a Source in a Paper

Write an essay and back it up with facts. How many times have you heard a teacher or professor say this? But many students might wonder what exactly counts as a fact, and what doesnt. That means they dont know when it is proper to cite a source, and when its OK not to use a citation. Dictionary.com states that a fact is: Something demonstrated to exist or known to have existed. Demonstrated is a hint here. What the teacher means when she/he tells you to use facts is that you need to back up your claims with some evidence that supports your claims (sources). Its one trick that teachers use to make sure you actually use some references when you write a paper, instead of simply offering a list of your opinions. This may sound easy, but its actually tough sometimes to know when you need to back up a statement with evidence and when it is fine to leave a statement unsupported. When to Cite a Source You should use evidence (citations) any time you make a claim that is not based on a well-known fact or common knowledge. Heres a list of situations when your teacher would expect a citation: You make a specific claim that could be challenged--like London is the foggiest city in the world.  You quote somebody.You make a specific claim that is not common knowledge like the Indian Ocean is the youngest of the worlds major oceans.You paraphrase information from a source (give the meaning but change the wording).Offer an authoritative (expert) opinion--like germs cause pneumonia.You got an idea from somebody else, even through email or conversation. Although there may be interesting facts that you have believed or know for many years, you will be expected to provide proof of those facts when youre writing a paper for school. Examples of Claims You Should Support Hot water can freeze faster than cold water.Poodles are friendlier than Dalmatians.American Chestnut trees are nearly extinct.Eating while driving is more dangerous than talking on the cell phone while driving.Thomas Edison invented a vote counter. When You Dont Need to Cite a Source So how do you know when you do not need to cite a source?  Common knowledge is basically a fact that practically everyone knows, like the fact that George Washington was a U.S. president. More  Examples of Common Knowledge or Well-Known Facts Bears hibernate in the winter.Fresh water freezes at 32 degrees F.Many trees shed their leaves in the fall.Some trees do not shed their leaves in the fall.Bears hibernate. A well-known fact is something that many people know, but it is also something that a reader could look up easily if he/she didnt know. Its best to plant flowers in the early spring.Holland is famous for its tulips.Canada has a multilingual population. If youre not really certain about something being common knowledge, you could give it the little sister test. If you have a younger sibling, ask him or her the subject youre pondering. If you get an answer, it could be common knowledge! A Good Rule of Thumb A good rule of thumb for any writer is to go ahead and use a citation when youre not certain whether or not the citation is necessary. The only risk in doing this is littering your paper with unnecessary citations that will drive your teacher crazy. Too many citations will give your teacher the impression that you are attempting to stretch your paper to a certain word count! Simply trust your own best judgment and be honest with yourself. Youll get the hang of it soon!

The Political Economy Model Of Migration Policy - 1419 Words

Gary Freeman suggests the gap between rhetoric and reality is best described in a political economic account of migration policy. The political economy model of migration is modelled on the interests of three sets of rational actors: voters, organised groups and state actors who attempts to maximize their individual goals subject to state interests in different contexts (Freeman, 2002). The first is post-industrial change, which suggests stances on immigration policy are better viewed as interests defined by social groups (Freeman, 2002: 84). The second is the spatial account, where the population compete for finite resources in densely settled areas – exacerbated by strong advocates of immigration in these locations, such as businesses which could help explain the gap between rhetoric and action. The third is the international approach, where state protectionism regulates the trade of goods and people. If immigration is economically beneficial to the state, it will continue r egardless of public sentiments. As social ‘welfare effects are key determinants of a countries migration policy’, if migration stimulates the economy, it will have a positive impact on society (Freeman, 2002: 88). Liberal and International Norms Liberal norms influence policy outcomes. Hollifield is concerned with the political interests that drive migration policy in the face of liberalism.‘[S]overeignty requires a degree of territorial closure’, which the liberal state increasingly calls intoShow MoreRelatedEconomic Factors Of The Migration1175 Words   |  5 Pagesdecision? Economic reasons are the key factor to migration. The poor financial condition and unemployment drives migrants to urban areas or other countries. Skilled labor get better job opportunities and wages when immigrate. Migration to urban area helps immigrants to overcome poverty and provide a better financial condition. Most of the migrants invest their money in education and financial investments. Non- economic factors include the better quality of life and better education. In most of theRead MoreMigration Within a Countrys Borders Have Greater Negative Impacts at Their Origin Than Their Destination1338 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Migration within a country’s borders have greater negative impacts at their origin than their destination†. Discuss the statement [15 marks] Introduction * Definition of migration and internal migration * Reasons why people move (Push/Pull Factors) * Explain Lee’s migration model * Types of Internal Migration (Inter-urban, Intra-urban, counter urbanisation, urbanisation) Body * Social. Economic. Environmental. Political. (S.E.E.P.) impacts * Case Study (Statistics) Read MoreGlobal Governance Is A Set Of Coercive Norms, Principles, And Decisions1531 Words   |  7 Pagesnations-states which have to comply with them. In the realm of international migration in which individuals opt voluntarily to cross countries boundaries in order to stay in the host state for a minimum of length of time, it appears that that the need of global governance has become unavoidable by the mid twentieth century. Effectively, states struggle to control international migration. Indeed, history demonstrated that migration has often been uncontainable and unrestricted in most countries, at startRead MoreChicago School Of Social Ecology Theory1509 Words   |  7 Pagesdisciplines related to education, health, economy, psychology, social sciences, sociology, anthropology, history, environment, biosciences, economy, politics, international relations, geography, urban architecture and technology. One of the major developments pertaining to urban ecology theory is the comprehensiveness of modern urban system by incorporating social consciousness, social structures, social and government institutions, community relationships, migration, public infrastructure, governmentalRead MoreFactors Affecting The Economic Conditions Of The Balkan Countries1452 Words   |  6 Pagesproductivity is linked to permanent migration. Therefore, economic productivity is related to the time-frame of migration. Peng (2009) links depletion of production resources of the source country to â€Å"brain drain†. However, migration can also reduce rent-seeking activities, thus mitigating the effects of wealth reduction to an extent. Vidal (1998) links migration to an incentive to invest in human capital generation in the source country. Granted that the demand is high enough, this can potentiallyRead MoreThe Development Of The Philippines1419 Words   |  6 Pageslocated in the South-East region of Asia, this region consists of other countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, and others. The Philippines would be categorized as a developing country in stage three of the demographic transition model. With a falling birth rate of 24.24 per every 1000 people, with a low death rate of 4.92 per every 1000 people. With a population of 107.668.231 as of 2014, their median age is 23.5 years of age resulting in a very young population overall as seenRead MoreStructure Of The Paper : The Article Is Presented Using The Journal Style Scientific Paper Format989 Words   |  4 Pagesin post-Soviet cities’ within the context of Soviet immigration policies. The purpose of the study â€Å"explores how inherited segregation patterns have evolved in the city of Tartu, Estonia† (Leetmaa ,162) in the post-Soviet period marked by Estonian statehood and a free-market economy. The historical material is divided into four sections: 1) Soviet Era Migration – Introduces the Soviet socialist political and economic migration policies that were intertwined with the â€Å"industrialization and urbanizationRead MoreIii. Methodology. Data And Sample Specifications. In Order1494 Words   |  6 Pagesavailable, I can extrapolate this information using the location of the resident in the first year of survey. I assume a respondent’s first survey year location in East or West Germany as their birth region, unless they answer the questions concerning migration differently. I limit the sample to native-born German citizens residing in Berlin, of age 18 or older at the time of the survey year 2009, which I use for main identification data analysis described below. Value Differences: Risk Aversion To quantifyRead MoreEssay on Unemployment and Migration in the Philippines1634 Words   |  7 PagesLabor migration has created jobs for millions of Filipinos; however its success shadows its real cause. Unemployment in itself alone has many diminishing factors for growth and development. The cycle of problems of the country continues to grow which include migration, unemployment, poverty, and underemployment. This paper will aim to illustrate the effects of international migration due to unemployment status. The issue of high unemployment is a great factor in the development of the country andRead MoreThe Resilient Australian Economy : Australia Essay1609 Words   |  7 PagesThe Resilient Australian Economy Australia has been one of the few developed nations to remain largely unscathed by the global financial crises of 2008 – a crisis, which has left in its wake seemingly intractable problems of unemployment, large government debts, financial fragility and political unrest in Europe, Japan and North America (McAuley 2012). This would be further explored in the essay. Composition The Australian economy faces new challenges like the high exchange rate of Australian

Objective History Essay Sample free essay sample

Objectivity must be the desired at all cost when it comes to entering or analyzing history but given the human restrictions in an imperfect universe. the possibility of achieving a grade of the same must be capable to the world of human prejudice as the imperfect historian-human individual attempts to populate in this imperfect universe. This paper posits the above statement as a manner of showing the extent the possibility or even the desirableness of objectiveness in the survey of history. Jenkins looks at any historian’s work as a literary concept. where he argued that a work of history includes the historian’s ain universe position and ideological places with about past events. This evident in his definition of history when he said. â€Å"History is a shifting. debatable discourse. apparently about an facet of the universe. the past. that is produced by a group of present-minded workers†¦ whose merchandises. one time in circulation. We will write a custom essay sample on Objective History Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page are capable to a series of utilizations and abuses†¦ but which in actuality by and large correspond to a scope of power bases†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ( Jenkins. 1967 ) Jenkins’ portion of history’s definition which states â€Å"products one time in circulation. are capable to a series of utilizations and abuses† connotes the incorrect usage of history by certain powerful groups for whom the history was written and hence at that place seems to be deficiency of objectiveness on history which is presumed to be recorded by the author. Jenkin’s may in consequence be reasoning that every historiographer will lose credibleness when the inquiries are asked: â€Å"For whom is the written history? † ; hence he is presuming the historiographers are really biased and that no historiographer will compensate it for the interest of the nonsubjective truth. This research worker respectfully expresses a great trade of reserve with the observation of Jenkins’ with such since he was non able to abduce cogent evidence that every author of history would make it for money. But if Jenkin’s innuendo does widen to a historio graphers holding a prejudice for or against a certain group of people at the clip to composing. so this research worker could non impart a grade of understanding on the footing that worlds could non be perfect and their positions could ever be loaded with emotions at the clip of authorship. From another position. it may be argued that American history has already a predefined significance to the American populace and it clear that any riotous work that disapprove of traditional theories of cognition would be distressing in the philosophy of American historiography. â€Å"What is History? † ( Carr. 1967 ) is such a sort of work that doubts a fact-based nature of history and alternatively prescribes as a replacing an interpretive. interdisciplinary speculating on history. hence it is non inquire that Carr’s work that American historiographers have ignored and forgotten in America in general for grounds as stated. Carr’s work is merely a historical object and a spoilsport from the Cold War epoch that has contradicted the aggregation of historical facts. Carr ( 1967 ) was alternatively encouraged that the historiographers should determine the facts into a work utile for coevalss. Carr’s statement against historical facts encourages one to travel against objectiveness in history authorship. The reaction of American historiographers to Carr’s work seems hence to hold footing since nonsubjective truth must be facts that had happened minus any commentaries. When viewed in the context of news media facts are the opposite number of intelligence studies that should be free signifier commentaries and sentiments of the authors. And although the intelligence paper should incorporate column parts where 1 should happen intelligence commentaries. the criterion for factual intelligence coverage merely like factual history authorship must be maintained. In undertaking further the work of Carr ( 1967 ) and his topographic point in modern historiography. it may be argued that his first chapter. â€Å"The Historian and his Facts. † ( Carr. 1967 ) described the inquiry of what defines history and the function of facts in composing history. Carr presented the resistance point of view that the facts speak for themselves ( Carr. 1967 ) and that facts lay out straight how history should be written. but he countered that such a agencies of composing history was uneffective because values can non be drawn straight from facts. He at that place suggested that history must be written with inventive apprehension and with an oculus both to the yesteryear and to the present as may be deciphered with Carr’s that history is a uninterrupted duologue between the yesteryear and the present and an everlasting interaction between the historiographer and his facts ( Carr. 1967 ) Carr’s 2nd and 3rd chapters supported each other peculiarly good since they deals with the historian’s function in society. Therefore with the chapter title’s â€Å"Society and the Individual. † he presented the historiographer within society and how history should be reconciled with a historian’s peculiar prejudice. Carr in said chapter was in consequence reasoning that that the influences of society would ever environ the historiographer. so it was necessary to turn to this consequence on history. therefore it could be argued that the more a historian comes to footings with his ain prejudices. the better able that historiographers will be able to excel societal influences to compose an accurate history. Like Jenkins. Carr factored in a human prejudice in the work of historiographers. Therefore Carr’s message in Chapter Three. â€Å"History. Science. and Morality. † ( Carr. 1967 ) that history is non a one manner procedure and is non a remarkable survey. but an interdisciplinary survey that requires g interaction between the historian and historical survey. may good has confirmed the inevitableness of a prejudice. This is on the premiss that on that point historiographer is required to hold knowledge in other academic Fieldss. such as psychological science and sociology that would do him a author of the author. non an insulated fact-focused lone wolf. Based on the renunciation. it may be concluded that human prejudice is factor to postulate with in history authorship. therefore the possibility of objectiveness in the survey of history must be viewed in the context of the relationship of the writer or historian with his authorship and the intent of said composing when on attempts to look into the verifiability of a historian’s work with other historiographers. This does non nevertheless do it less desirable to achieve objectiveness in the survey of history since history has so much to learn world to larn from their errors ( Carr. 1967 ) . Mentions: Carr. E. ( 1967 ) What Is History? .Vintage ( October 12. 1967 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //alex. edfac. usyd. edu. au/Methods/History/jenkins. hypertext markup language. Accessed November 20. 2007 Jenkins. K. ( 1991 ) Rethinking History. Routledge. London. { www papers } URL

Strontium chloride hexahydrate Essay Example

Strontium chloride hexahydrate Paper The following are possible factors that may contribute to acheiving a higher yeild. Firstly, it is possible that there was contamination from outside sources, such as lint or dust particles that could have fallen into the drying precipitate. Secondly are impurities accumulated through water. Non-distilled water can contain many minerals and impurities , aswell as absorbing chemicals in the surrounding air which can skew results. According to the city of Ottawas website, there are many contaminants in water, the two of those being fluoride and chlorine. Fluoride is naturally present in the air and soil, and can dissolve into water. Chlorine is used by the city in the water to kill bacteria. Average tap water contains 0. 7 mg/L of fluoride and 100 ppb, or parts per billion of chlorine. These insignificant substances, in additions to those not named here, can change the way the reaction takes place. Thirdly is lingering moisture, which can be present because of thick acumulation of precipitate which causes moisture to remain at its center. Water could also be present due to outside sources, such as higher than normal humidity levels present in the laboratory or water bottle fights that may have taken place and interacted with the results. To validate this reasoning, another student who acheived a higher yeild, Yannick Brisebois notes in his analysis that he was closely located to the water fight, similarily to this experiment. Lastly, misreaction is another way the precipitate was higher than expected. The reactants could have possibly reacted with the levels of fluorine or chlorine in the water, as covered in the example above. We will write a custom essay sample on Strontium chloride hexahydrate specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Strontium chloride hexahydrate specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Strontium chloride hexahydrate specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Since perfect reactions are impossible, it is likely that some of the reactants were not used up in the reaction, and were left in the precipitate. This would increase the mass of the precipitate because both the strontium chloride and the copper sulphate were hydrates, which have a higher molar mass than the products because of the attached waters. For example, according to table 2, the masses of the reactants strontium chloride and copper sulphate are 266. 58 and 249. 62 g/mol respectively, while the precipitate, strontium sulphate only has a molar mass od 183. 64. Any ammount of extra reactant would weigh down the mass of the precipitate. 3. The following steps were taken to ensure the reaction went to completion. First, the ammount of transfers were kept to a minimum in order to preserve as much of the orginal reactants as possible. Multiple transfers can cause reactants or precipitate to adhere to the walls of the beakers or the funnel. There are only two transfers present in this procedure. Second, the solutions were dissolved into aqeous solutions to facilitate a reaction and increase the ammount of reaction taking place. Without a solution, the two substances would not have reacted in a solid state. Solutions also increase the likeliness of the most possible reaction, because of its containment, as opposed to a gas, and the potion of the particles within, unlike a solid. Both reactants were dissolved into water in order to maximise the reaction and ensure it took place. The reaction was finally stirred for a mintute to maximise the reaction. The stirring added heat and motion, which is another form of heat, which allows more reactant to react properly. The heat increases the speed at which the particles move within the liquid, which leads to more collisions, and finally more reaction taking place. Finally, the original beakers and the funnel were washed down with water and passed through the filter to ensure all possible remaining reactant had been added to the apparatus. Refrences: 1. Nelson 11 Chemistry (2005) 2. http://ottawa. ca/en/env_water/water_sewer/water_wells/quality/facts/index. html 3. http://sargentwelch. com/pdf/msds/Strontium_Chloride_6-Hydrate_723. 00. pdf  https://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9923597